NATO ends mission in Libya

NATO has officially ended its mission in Libya enforcing the no-fly-zone.

NATO has ended its Libyan military campaign after thousands of combat sorties and billions of dollars of alliance and individual participant expenditures.

The alliance’s no-fly zone and naval blockade, which began in March, were terminated at midnight Monday after the U.N. Security Council closed the book on the mandate authorizing military action to protect Libya’s people from the Moammar Gadhafi regime.

Gadhafi is dead. Remaining members of his family have fled abroad.

And the rebel’s National Transitional Council has elected an interim prime minister, Abdel Rahim El-Keib, who will establish a government in parallel with the NTC to set the stage for a national constituent assembly, a new constitution and general elections.

The two events, however, dovetailed others that may not bode well for El-Keib and his pledge to “guarantee that we are going to build a nation that respects human rights and does not accept the abuse of human rights.”

In Tripoli on Monday two people were killed and at least seven wounded when a militia from the town of Zintan battled with Tripoli Brigade allies while trying to enter the city’s hospital to kill a man they had shot earlier.

The Zintan militia, like others in Tripoli and elsewhere, have ignored NTC calls to set down arms and return to their hometowns and villages.

In the eastern city of Benghazi, the wellhead of the rebellion that toppled Gadhafi, the black flag of al-Qaida has flown from its courthouse.

Elsewhere, various militias are reportedly terrorizing individuals and villagers suspected of having collaborated with Gadhafi forces during the rebellion that came to a close last month.

“We know it’s not easy,” NATO Secretary-General Anders Fogh Rasmussen said during a visit to Tripoli. “We know the challenges and if you ask us for help in areas where we can help, we will.”

U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, in an interview with The Washington Post, also underlined the challenges.

“They have to figure out how to reconcile various political and religious beliefs,” she said. “They have to unify all the tribes. They have to deal with the rivalry that has existed forever between the west and the east, between Benghazi and Tripoli.”

Reconciliation will be a Libyan process. But NATO countries and Arab states can help with financial aid to help the new government and country build infrastructure and recover from months of fighting.

Training of Libyan military and security forces is another, although NATO has rebuffed an NTC request that it help secure the country’s borders.

Especially important to Libya and NATO — the United States included – is securing Gadhafi regime weapons stockpiles and tracking down weapons looted during the war. The regime was believed to have had as many as 20,000 shoulder-fired anti-aircraft missiles. Many were looted and are turning up in black market weapon’s bazaars in the Sinai Peninsula near Israel and elsewhere.

U.N. inspectors are on their way to Libya following an announcement by the NTC that two clandestine chemical weapons sites had been discovered.

Whatever the country’s future, Rasmussen made it clear that NATO considered its military participation in the overthrow of Gadhafi a “successful chapter” in the alliance’s history.

Available statistics indicate that NATO combat aircraft flew more than 9,000 strike sorties, in addition to surveillance missions, during the fighting.

But the mission wasn’t cheap by any means for countries struggling with deteriorating economies. Between March and the end of September, the United States spent about $1.1 billion to oust Gadhafi; Britain spent $257 million-$482 million; and France depleted its treasury by as much as $485 million.

Those expenses are borne by the individual countries for using their own assets.

With the death of Gadhafi, Libya has to look ahead at the challenges that the country faces both economically and politically in the aftermath of the war.  Stability will be needed to produce a safe environment for reconstruction, rebuilding the country from the ground up with new institutions and leadership.

British and French special operatives fighting along Libyan rebels

French President Nicolas Sarkozy left and British Prime Minister David Cameron right

British and French special operatives have been fighting along side Libyan rebels.

French and British operatives have been working with Libyan rebels on their eastern front, where the insurgents scored strategic blows against Moamer Kadhafi’s forces, an AFP journalist discovered on Thursday. The operatives are installed at the rebel command for the eastern front, at the dysfunctional oil refinery in Zuwaytina, about 150 kilometres (93 miles) southwest of the opposition capital Benghazi. They are equipped with telecommunications equipment and housed in two shipping containers, within walking distance of the headquarters of Fawzi Bukatif, commander of the eastern front. He has been working out of a large office with walls covered in maps and satellite photos. There are at least two Frenchmen, and several Britons in mismatched camouflage outfits. In late April, Britain, France, Italy, Egypt and the United States announced that they had sent military advisers to the National Transitional Council, the rebels’ de facto government. Britain’s Defence Minister Liam Fox said Thursday that NATO is contributing intelligence and reconnaissance equipment to the search for Kadhafi but he refused to confirm reports that Britain’s SAS special forces were working with the Libyan rebels to track down Kadhafi. “I can confirm that NATO is providing intelligence and reconnaissance assets to the NTC (National Transitional Council) to help them track down Colonel Kadhafi and other remnants of the regime,” who fled before advancing rebel forces on Tuesday, he told Sky News. The Ministry of Defence said Fox was referring to “various assets such as military planes.” The Daily Telegraph newspaper, quoting defence sources, said SAS members were sent to Libya several weeks ago and played a key role in coordinating the battle for Tripoli. With the majority of the capital now in rebel hands, the SAS had been ordered to switch their focus to hunting down Kadhafi, the Telegraph said. They were wearing civilian clothes and armed with the same type of weapons used by the rebel forces, the paper said. “We never comment about special forces,” Fox said in a separate interview with BBC radio. Asked what role Britain was playing on the ground in Libya, Fox told the BBC: “We have always had some advisors to the NTC (as) we have made clear from the outset, helping them with communications, helping them with logistics, the chain of command and so on. “And we would of course want to continue with those relationships.”

As previously reported before here, U.S., British, Egyptian, French and Italian special operatives have been on the ground in Libya helping the rebels fight against Gadaffi. None of what is reported is new, just a confirmation of actions that were logical from the start of the NATO enforcing the no-fly-zone over Libya.

Libyan rebels modify,create own home made weapons to take on Gaddafi’s forces

They say need is the mother of all inventions, well it sure looks like that for the Libyan rebels fighting and taking on Gaddafi’s forces. Despite their high ambitions, Libya’s rebel forces of civilians and army defectors find themselves suffering from a severe lack of weaponry to fully take on Gaddafi’s forces.  With a need for survival and to continue fighting on, they have managed to create their own home made working missile launcher.

In this clip, Abdulsalam Elshien of the “Free Libya Martyrs” brigade describes the C5 Missile Launcher, which is essentially an aircraft rocket launcher which the rebels have now re-installed on the back of a pickup truck.  Elshien insists that despite their crude appearance, the makeshift weapons have successfully intimidated Gaddafi’s more powerful forces.

Next modified weapon is the GRAD launcher which was originally designed by the Soviet Union during the cold war.  The  GRAD launchers have around 30 cylinders for rockets mounted on heavy trucks. The rebels found them damaged or destroyed after being used by Gaddafi’s forces against them and managed to salvage- repair them, putting them back into service.  Below we hear from one of the drivers headed out to the front lines using one of the  modified GRAD launchers, to find out how they work, where they come from, and what the implications are for the rebel military efforts.

Next up is the modified S-5 which is a Soviet-designed rocket launcher normally mounted on attack helicopters, or even MiG jets. They are notoriously inaccurate, but pack a lot of explosive power. The Libyan rebel forces have salvaged S-5 launchers from downed or abandoned aircraft, and have since learned to mount them on vehicles, creating what’s commonly known as a “technical”.  But one rebel fighter, Abdelhakkem Eljazwi, has taken the S-5 modifications a step further. Using spare parts, he’s taken the aircraft mounted S-5 launcher and converted it into a shoulder-mounted “RPG”, or rocket-propelled grenade. ”Because of the desert nature and long distance between us and the enemy,” Eljazwi says, “we’ve developed this weapon which has a longer range and better efficiency.”

The design is not that complex, but rather effectively simple. The battery powering the launcher is taken from a walkie-talkie. The protective shield is modified riot gear used by police. And the launch buttons used to fire the rocket are actually doorbells.  The only original piece of the weapon is the hand-carved shoulder stock, in this case painted with Libya’s revolutionary flag. ”It’s comfortable and makes it easier for the user to launch missiles,” Eljazwi explains.

NATO helicopters launch strikes on Libya and Gadhafi’s forces

British and French Apache Attack helicopters have been used for the first time this week in taking out radar installations and an armed checkpoint used against the rebels.

Helicopters are well suited since Gadhafi knows that he can take cover and hide within the cities knowing he can’t engage NATO forces directly. With such backing, the rebels will be able to hold, maintain the gains they have made and surely, but effectively advance towards Gadhafi’s forces.

NATO extends Libyan Mission against Qaddafi by 90 days

Anders Fogh Rasmussen, NATO Secretary-General

NATO said on Wednesday it had extended its Libyan mission for a further 90 days, after Muammar Qadhafi made it clear he would not step down, dashing hopes of a negotiated end to the uprising against his rule.

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization’s top official announced Wednesday that the alliance had agreed to extend its mission in Libya.

Anders Fogh Rasmussen, NATO Secretary-General, said the agreement to extend the mission for a further 90 days was agreed on by NATO and its partner countries in the operation. “This decision sends a clear message to the Gadhafi regime: We are determined to continue our operation to protect the people of Libya,” he said in a statement.

“We will keep up the pressure to see it through,” he said.

The initial decision in March to lead the military operation, following a United Nations resolution aimed at protecting civilians, was for a 90-day period. The decision to extend the mission for a further 90 days from June 27 was made at a meeting Wednesday morning of the alliance’s policy-making body, the North Atlantic Council, together with representatives from non-NATO countries: the United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Jordan, Sweden and Morocco.

Qaddafi will either be removed by force or he flees the country for some place like Venezuela for asylum.  Either way he won’t be ruling Libya in the medium to long term especially that more military hardware is being deployed against him and his forces.

France, Britain to deploy attack helicopters to Libya

Both France and the U.K will send attack helicopters to help fight off Qaddafi’s forces in support of the rebels cause in Libya.

Here is the British Army showing off its Apache helicopter force.

The helicopters, a weapon that has yet to be used by NATO in enforcing the no-fly-zone, will no doubt help strike Qaddafi’s military assets hidden in urban areas while avoiding civilian casualties.  Given that the rebels were under armed, disorganized as a fighting force, and needed close air support when taking on Qaddafi’s forces, this is a welcome addition to their side.  Although it would have made a big difference if they were deployed during the first days when the no-fly-zone was being enforced, it is better late than never.

France and Italy will send military officers to aid Libyan rebels

French President Nicolas Sarkozy left and Italian Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi right

France and Italy will send small teams of military officers to advise Libyan rebels who are seeking to topple Col Muammar Gaddafi.  French officials said fewer than 10 would be sent, while Italy’s defence minister announced that 10 would go.

The despatch of the military advisers underlines the growing concerns in a number of European capitals that the air campaign over Libya is not yielding the expected results. After more than four weeks of air strikes, Libyan government forces have not crumbled; the Libyan regime still seems firmly in control in Tripoli; and the rebels have shown very limited capabilities on the ground.

France for one wants to step up the air campaign, but it is clear that unless the rebels can be turned into a more effective fighting force, and without a genuine ceasefire, Nato air operations may have to continue for the foreseeable future.

The French, British and Italians are all stressing that their small deployments do not constitute “boots on the ground” – they have no intention of deploying combat troops. But some MPs in London fear that this is the thin end of the wedge and that the allies risk being drawn ever deeper into the Libyan conflict.

The officers are expected to advise rebel leaders on how to organize their ragtag forces, now struggling against Gaddafi’s better-armed and -trained army. They will also liaise with NATO on the location of rebels and Gaddafi’s troops.  This comes after the U.K. decided to go ahead and send military adivisers to help coordinate the air strikes against Col Muammar Gaddafi’s forces.

British military officers set to join ground fight in Libya

The United Kingdom will send military officers to help bolster Libyan rebel grounds fighting Colonel Gaddafi. Britain’s National Security Council had decided to ‘move quickly’ to expand the team already in Benghazi to include an additional military liaison advisory team.

The experienced officers will go into the country’s second city of Benghazi — the stronghold of the pro-democracy opposition.

British Foreign Secretary William Hague

Foreign Secretary William Hague said today: “The National Security Council has decided that we will now move quickly to expand the team already in Benghazi to include an additional military liaison advisory team.

“This contingent will be drawn from experienced British military officers.”

This is the next chapter in the battle for Libya. All other options of just bombing from the sky at Gaddafi’s forces was limited in nature since he had already adjusted his battle plans against the rebels and knew NATO had the advantage in the match up. His only other effective maneuver was to scale back his forces and fight from within the cities.  The accidental bombing that killed rebel forces who were returning fire at Gaddafi’s forces whom NATO pilots confused as Gaddafi’s fighters was a turning point that on the ground spotters, officers were need to help guide pilots flying missions enforcing and protecting the no-fly-zone.
Video about the report.

Germany’s non role in Libya

Here is a video report about previous post on Germany’s role or lack of one in participating with fellow NATO member countries in enforcing the no fly zone over Libya.

Video: French Mirage 2000 fighter jets in mid-air refuel over Libya

The French military has released video footage of its fighter aircraft re-fuelling over Libya.